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Hope Against Hope was first published in English in 1970. It is Nadezhda Mandelstam's memoir of her life with Osip, who was first arrested in 1934 and died in Stalin's Great Purge of 1937-38. Hope Against Hope is a vital eyewitness account of Stalin's Soviet Union and one of the greatest testaments to the value of literature and imaginative freedom ever written. But it is also a profound inspiration - a love story that relates the daily struggle to keep both love and art alive in the most desperate circumstances.

Nadezhda Mandelstam(1899-1980)：An Obituary

byJoseph Brodsky

Hntroducfion by Clarence Brown

Zranslator's Preface

AMayNight

Confiscation

Morning Thoughts

The Second Round

Shopping Baskets

Integral Moves

Public Opinion

Interview

Theory and Practice

Leaving for Exile

Onthe Other Side   

The Irrational

The Namesake

A Piece of C：hocolate

TheLeap 

Cherdyn

Hallucinations       

Professiona!Sickness

Inside

Christophorovich   

Who IstoBlame?   

The Adjutant

On the Nature of the Miracle

Journey to Voronezh

Thou Shalt NOt Kill   

The Woman of the Russian Revolution

Transmission Belts

Voronezh   

Doctors and Illnesses

The DisaDoointed Landlord

……

Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam (Russian: Надежда Яковлевна Мандельштам, née Hazin; 31 October 1899 – 29 December 1980) was a Russian writer and a wife of poet Osip Mandelstam.

Born in Saratov into a middle-class Jewish family, she spent her early years in Kiev. After the gymnasium she studied art.

After their marriage in 1921, Nadezhda and Osip Mandelstam lived in Ukraine, Petrograd, Moscow, and Georgia. Osip was arrested in 1934 for his Stalin Epigram and exiled with Nadezhda to Cherdyn, in the Perm region and later to Voronezh.

After Osip Mandelstam's second arrest and his subsequent death at a transit camp "Vtoraya Rechka" near Vladivostok in 1938, Nadezhda Mandelstam led an almost nomadic way of life, dodging her expected arrest and frequently changing places of residence and temporary jobs. On at least one occasion, in Kalinin, the NKVD came for her the next day after she fled.

As her mission in life, she set to preserve and publish her husband's poetic heritage. She managed to keep most of it memorized because she did not trust paper.

After the death of Stalin, Nadezhda Mandelstam completed her dissertation (1956) and some years after was allowed to return to Moscow (1964).

In her memoirs, Hope Against Hope and Hope Abandoned, first published in the West, she gives an epic analysis of her life and criticizes the moral and cultural degradation of the Soviet Union of the 1920s and later. The titles of her memoirs are puns, Nadezhda in Russian meaning "hope".

In 1976 she gave her archives to Princeton University. Nadezhda Mandelstam died in 1980 in Moscow, aged 81.

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一头公牛在被送往屠宰场的时候，还会试图撞倒、踩踏那些肮脏的屠夫。要知道，并无其他公牛能够告诉这头公牛，说这样做毫无成功的先例，前往屠宰场的牲口再也不会返回畜群。而在人类社会，人们在不断地相互交流经验。正因为如此，我从未听说一位被押往刑场的人拼命抵抗，挣脱绳索，勇敢自卫，摧毁障碍，最后成功逃走。人们甚至替死刑犯想出一种特殊的勇敢表达方式，即不愿被蒙上眼睛，而选择直面死刑。我却赞同公牛，赞同公牛盲目的愤怒。我赞同这种顽强的动物特性，它并无人类的理智和愚钝，并不去思量成功的可能性，它也不知道绝望这样一种卑鄙的情感。

后来我也常常想，当遭到殴打、被靴子踩踏的时候，是否应该发出哀嚎。保持恶魔般的高傲并用蔑视的沉默回敬刽子手，是否就更好呢？我认定，还是应该发出哀嚎。这不知自何处传来的可怜的哀嚎声往往会传进死寂的、几乎密不透风的囚室，这哀嚎声中就凝聚着人类尊严和生活信念的最后残存。一个人就是用这哀嚎在大地上留下痕迹，用这哀嚎告诉人们他的生与死。他在用哀嚎捍卫自己生的权利，向外界传导讯息，他渴望获得帮助，他在呼吁进行抵抗。如果身边再也没有剩下任何东西，那就应该发出哀嚎。沉默，则是真正的反人类罪行。

形形色色的凶手、奸细和告密者都有一个共同特征，即他们均不认为他们的牺牲品有朝一日会复活，会重新开口。他们还认为时间已经静止不动，而这正是我们前文所描绘的那一疾病的主要症状。要知道，我们已被灌输进这样的意识，即我们国家中的一切都将永远不会改变，世界上的其他地区也应达到我们的状态，也就是说，也应步入新时代，到那时，一切改变都将永远停止。接受这一学说的人们真诚地为新道德的荣光而工作，这种新道德归根结底源自极端的历史决定论。他们认为，那些被他们送往集中营或另一世界的人们已被永远逐出生活。他们想不到，这些幽灵也会站起身来，要求其掘墓人作出回答。因此，在恢复名誉期间，这些人惊慌失措，因为他们觉得时光似乎倒转了，那些被他们用“集中营的尘土”予以施洗的人突然重新获得了姓名和躯体。这些做过恶的人惶惶不可终日。

当时已是傍晚，橱柜在墙壁上留下一道暗影，她就坐在那暗影里抽烟。那道影子十分地暗，只能在其中辨别出烟头的微光和两只闪烁的眼睛。其余的一切，即一块大披巾下那瘦小干枯的躯体、两只胳膊、椭圆形的灰色脸庞和苍白的头发，全都被黑暗所吞噬了。她看上去就像是一堆烈焰的余烬，一块阴燃的煤，你如果拨一拨它，它就会重新燃烧起来。

据我如今的理解，早在二十世纪初就出现了这样一个信念，即我们应该着手建设一些完善的，更确切地说是理想的社会生活形式，这些形式必须也必定会保障民众普遍的安康和幸福。这一思想的源头是十九世纪的人道主义和民主思潮，但恰恰是十九世纪的人道主义和民主思潮阻碍了社会正义王国的实现，要知道，十九世纪是一个揭露的世纪，一个言辞崇高、行动妥协的世纪，一个过程曲折、充满动荡的世纪。相反，二十世纪却一直在寻求拯救其理想，试图借助线性的、严酷的社会秩序和纪律来实现其理想，而秩序和纪律的基础则是对权威人物的绝对服从。一切均与过去截然相对。在上世纪末和本世纪初，人们深受一种热望之折磨，即希望找到一种有机的体制和一种作为世界观和一切行为之基础的统一思想。人道主义最钟爱的孩子，即自由思想，对权威们构成威胁，于是便成了新思想的牺牲品。社会变革的唯理论纲领需要对于权威的盲目信仰和服从。于是，权威重新被树立，专政的思想也应运而生。激情可不是一句空话，它的确存在过。专政者只有在他能够随意指挥那些盲目信仰的执行者时，才会显得强大。这些人是买不来的，这样的手法未免过于简单，但是，当这些人业已存在，却是可以不断添加和补购的，尤其是在他们无处可去的时候。然而，任何一种思想都有其开端、高潮和消亡。一种思想在消亡时仍有其惯性，由此便出现了这样一些人：害怕变化的年轻人，渴望安宁的精神虚空者，一帮被自己亲手干下的事情吓倒的老人，以及那些级别最低的执行者，他们始终在机械地重复着他们年轻时学会的套话。

我们经历过十九世纪人道主义的深重危机，当时，一切伦理价值全都分崩离析，因为这些价值的基础仅仅是人的需求和愿望，或者干脆就是人对幸福的追求。然而，二十世纪却以小学课堂般的直观性向我们展示，恶具有巨大的自我毁灭力量。恶经过发展，必将走向荒谬和自我。不幸的是，我们也清楚，恶在自我毁灭的同时也会毁灭大地上的一切生灵，这一点需要牢记。但是，无论人们如何大声宣讲这些淳朴的真理，却总是只有那些自己不愿作恶的人才能听见。要知道，这一切都曾有过，周而复始，但每一次都会拥有新的力量和更大的规模。幸运的是，我已经看不到为我们准备好的未来了。

编辑推荐

    So writes Joseph Brodsky in his appreciation

ofNadezhda Mandelstam that iS reprinted here as an

Introduction．HopeAgainst Hope WaS first published in EnOch

in，970．It is Nadezhda Mandelstams memoir of her!ire with Osip who

WaS first arrested in l 934 and died in Stalin's Great Purge of l

937—38：HopeAgainst Hope is a vital eyewitness account ofStalin's

Soviet Union and one of the greatest testaments tO the value

of!iterature and imaginative freedom ever written．But!t is also a

profound inspiration--a!ore story that relates the daily sIrugge tO

keep both!owe and art alive in the most desperate

circumstances．

书籍介绍

Hope Against Hope was first published in English in 1970. It is Nadezhda Mandelstam's memoir of her life with Osip, who was first arrested in 1934 and died in Stalin's Great Purge of 1937-38. Hope Against Hope is a vital eyewitness account of Stalin's Soviet Union and one of the greatest testaments to the value of literature and imaginative freedom ever written. But it is also a profound inspiration - a love story that relates the daily struggle to keep both love and art alive in the most desperate circumstances.